What Is a Biomass Boiler?
A biomass boiler is a heating system that burns organic biological material — most commonly wood in the form of pellets, chips, or logs — to generate heat for central heating and hot water. Biomass is classified as a renewable energy source because the carbon dioxide released during combustion is considered to be offset by the carbon absorbed by the trees and plants during their growth.
Types of Biomass Boiler
There are three main types of biomass boiler available in the UK:
- Wood pellet boilers — the most popular automated option. Compressed wood pellets are stored in a hopper and automatically fed into the boiler. Very convenient once set up.
- Wood chip boilers — typically used for larger properties or commercial applications. Cheaper fuel than pellets but requires more storage space and a larger delivery infrastructure.
- Log (cordwood) boilers — also known as gasification boilers. Logs are manually loaded in batches and burned at high temperature. Often the most affordable option but requires the most manual effort.
Running Costs and Incentives
Wood pellets and chips are typically cheaper per kWh than oil or LPG, which can make biomass heating cost-effective over the medium to long term once the high installation cost is amortised. Previous UK government incentive schemes (the Domestic RHI) have made biomass particularly attractive — check current OFGEM guidance for up-to-date eligibility information.
Is Biomass Heating Right for Your Property?
Biomass heating is best suited to larger rural properties — farms, country houses, or large village homes — that have space for a fuel store and a good local supply of wood fuel. It is not practical for urban or suburban homes with small gardens and no delivery access.